refine an epistemic reservation
Explore the meaning in context and practise the word or sentence.
No voice for this language is installed. Speech practice is still available.doprecyzowywać zastrzeżenie epistemiczne
No voice for this language is installed. Speech practice is still available.Voice analyzer
Listen, repeat and see which words were recognized as expected.
refine an epistemic reservation
Ready for your attempt
Start speaking — your text will appear here.
This preview may change. The score appears after the attempt ends.Checking recognition support…
Scores are saved only on this device. Audio is not stored.
Recognition may use the browser provider's servers and require internet. We use the default microphone.
This is agreement with recognized text. Missing words can be recognition errors; the score does not assess individual speech sounds.
How is the score calculated?
Exact words get full credit; similar words get partial credit. Missing, replaced and extra words lower the score. Excellent requires all words in the right order. The 60/80% thresholds are experimental.
Dialogues in context
EN · C2Seminar: analysing an example
- A
The report authors set out to refine an epistemic reservation because the observational study suggested a benefit but did not establish causation, and a decision was due now.
Autorzy raportu postanowili doprecyzowywać zastrzeżenie epistemiczne, ponieważ badanie obserwacyjne sugerowało korzyść, lecz nie dowodziło związku przyczynowego, a decyzję trzeba było podjąć teraz.
- B
How can we refine an epistemic reservation here?
Jak możemy tu doprecyzowywać zastrzeżenie epistemiczne?
- A
Let’s start with the example’s assumptions. Compare two interpretations and identify the passages supporting them.
Zacznijmy od założeń przykładu. Porównajmy dwie interpretacje i wskażmy, na jakich fragmentach tekstu się opierają.
- B
I’ll prepare that comparison and mark where we lack information for a stronger conclusion.
Przygotuję takie porównanie i zaznaczę, gdzie brakuje nam informacji do mocniejszego wniosku.
No voice for this language is installed. Speech practice is still available.
Translations
Examples of use
Autorzy raportu postanowili doprecyzowywać zastrzeżenie epistemiczne, ponieważ badanie obserwacyjne sugerowało korzyść, lecz nie dowodziło związku przyczynowego, a decyzję trzeba było podjąć teraz.
No voice for this language is installed. Speech practice is still available.The report authors set out to refine an epistemic reservation because the observational study suggested a benefit but did not establish causation, and a decision was due now.
No voice for this language is installed. Speech practice is still available.Die Verfasser des Berichts wollten einen epistemischen Vorbehalt präzisieren, weil die Beobachtungsstudie einen Nutzen nahelegte, aber keine Kausalität belegte und eine Entscheidung unmittelbar anstand.
No voice for this language is installed. Speech practice is still available.Los autores del informe decidieron precisar una reserva epistémica porque el estudio observacional sugería un beneficio, pero no demostraba causalidad y había que decidir de inmediato.
No voice for this language is installed. Speech practice is still available.Авторы доклада решили уточнять эпистемическую оговорку, поскольку наблюдательное исследование указывало на пользу, но не доказывало причинную связь, а решение требовалось принять сейчас.
No voice for this language is installed. Speech practice is still available.Grammar
verb
- Dictionary form
- refine an epistemic reservation
Present
| I | refine an epistemic reservation |
|---|---|
| you | refine an epistemic reservation |
| he / she / it | refines an epistemic reservation |
| we | refine an epistemic reservation |
| you (plural) | refine an epistemic reservation |
| they | refine an epistemic reservation |
Past
| I | refined an epistemic reservation |
|---|---|
| you | refined an epistemic reservation |
| he / she / it | refined an epistemic reservation |
| we | refined an epistemic reservation |
| you (plural) | refined an epistemic reservation |
| they | refined an epistemic reservation |
Future
| I | will refine an epistemic reservation |
|---|---|
| you | will refine an epistemic reservation |
| he / she / it | will refine an epistemic reservation |
| we | will refine an epistemic reservation |
| you (plural) | will refine an epistemic reservation |
| they | will refine an epistemic reservation |
- Present Simple, Past Simple and future with will. These tables show statements.
- The table conjugates the main verb in the context of the whole expression. Nouns, adjectives and dependent infinitives inside it are not separate headwords.
Example
The report authors set out to refine an epistemic reservation because the observational study suggested a benefit but did not establish causation, and a decision was due now.